What is the difference between Section 1 and Section 2 firearms in the UK?

In the UK, firearms are classified into different sections based on their characteristics and legal requirements. The main distinction is between Section 1 firearms and Section 2 firearms. Here’s an overview of the differences between the two categories:

Section 1 Firearms:

1. Definition: Section 1 firearms include handguns, semi-automatic rifles, bolt-action rifles with a magazine capacity exceeding 2 rounds, pump-action rifles, certain types of shotguns (e.g. those with a magazine capacity exceeding 2 rounds), and other firearms specified under the Firearms Act 1968.
2. Licensing: To possess a Section 1 firearm, individuals must obtain a Firearms Certificate (FAC) from their local police force. The FAC application process involves a thorough background check, including interviews, references, and verification of suitability. It is subject to specific legal requirements and scrutiny.
3. Security and Storage: FAC holders are required to meet specific security and storage requirements for Section 1 firearms. This includes securely storing firearms in a lockable cabinet or safe that meets the Home Office guidelines and adhering to other security measures to prevent unauthorised access.

Section 2 Firearms:

1. Definition: Section 2 firearms refer specifically to shotguns. Shotguns are generally smooth-bore firearms designed to discharge shot or other multiple projectiles. Section 2 shotguns typically have a magazine capacity not exceeding 2 rounds and are subject to certain restrictions.
2. Licensing: To possess a Section 2 shotgun, individuals must obtain a Shotgun Certificate (SGC) from their local police force. The SGC application process involves a background check, interviews, and references, similar to the FAC application process. However, the requirements and scrutiny are generally less stringent than for Section 1 firearms.
3. Security and Storage: SGC holders are also required to store shotguns securely. This typically involves using a lockable cabinet or safe that meets the Home Office guidelines for shotgun storage, ensuring that shotguns are not easily accessible to unauthorised individuals.

When it comes to Firearms Certificates (FACs) in the UK specifically related to air rifles, here is some information I can provide based on historical knowledge:

1. Licensing: In the UK, air rifles with certain characteristics may require an FAC. The specific criteria for requiring an FAC for an air rifle can vary depending on factors such as the power level, ammunition type, and specific features of the air rifle.
2. Power Restrictions: Generally, air rifles with a muzzle energy exceeding 12 foot-pounds (16.2 joules) require an FAC. However, it’s important to note that power limits may vary based on age, location, and specific circumstances. Some regions or authorities may have different power thresholds or additional restrictions for air rifles.
3. Licensing Process: To obtain an FAC for an air rifle, individuals typically need to apply to their local police force and go through a thorough vetting process. This process usually involves completing an application form, providing personal details, undergoing background checks, interviews, and character references.
4. Justification: When applying for an FAC for an air rifle, it is essential to provide a valid reason or justification for needing an air rifle above the legal power limit. Common justifications may include pest control, target shooting, or participation in recognised shooting competitions.
5. Security and Storage: FAC holders are required to adhere to strict security and storage requirements for air rifles. This includes securely storing the air rifle in a lockable cabinet or safe that meets the Home Office guidelines. The storage location should prevent unauthorised access to the firearm.